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Stand-alone
PV Power System (off-grid)
System
includes:
1. PV Array: A number of PV
panels connected in series
and/or in parallel giving a DC
output out of the incident
irradiance. Orientation and tilt
of these panels are important
design parameters, as well as
shading from surrounding
obstructions.
2. PV controller: control
battery bank charge and
discharge reasonable and safety.
3. Inverter: A power
converter that “inverts” the DC
power from the panels into AC
power. The characteristics of
the output signal should match
the voltage, frequency and power
quality limits in the supply
network.
4. Battery bank: can be a
single battery or multiple
batteries connected together to
create essentially one large
battery of the required voltage
and amp-hour capacity. In some
ways the battery configuration
and capacity are the most
important electrical power
decision to make, and a wise
choice can help guarantee a
steady supply of electrical
power as well as a system that
is simple to operate and
maintain.
5. Loads: Stands for the
network connected appliances in
the building that are fed from
the inverter, or, alternatively,
from the grid
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Grid-connected PV
system
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Grid
Connected PV system
design has the following
components:
1. PV Array or
Generator: A number of
PV panels connected in
series and/or in
parallel giving a DC
output out of the
incident irradiance.
Orientation and tilt of
these panels are
important design
parameters, as well as
shading from surrounding
obstructions.
2.
Inverter: A power
converter that “inverts”
the DC power from the
panels into AC power.
The characteristics of
the output signal should
match the voltage,
frequency and power
quality limits in the
supply network.
3. Loads: Stands for
the network connected
appliances in the
building that are fed
from the inverter, or,
alternatively, from the
grid.
4. Meters: They
account for the energy
being drawn from or fed
into then local supply
network.
5. Local Supply
Network: A single or
three-phase network
managed by a Public
Electricity Supplier.
The supply network acts
both as a sink for
energy surplus in the
building or as a backup
for low local generation
periods.

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